The Turn A® ethosomes are unique vesicles composed of konjac glucomannan-modified lecithin, designed to transport active ingredients like NADH or NMN effectively. These ethosomes are characterized by their spherical or near-spherical shape and a porous structure. This design endows them with several advantages: more stable thermodynamic properties, a smaller diameter, higher encapsulation efficiency, and enhanced transdermal absorption speed and rate. Additionally, they offer improved tolerance compared to other delivery forms. A key benefit of the ethosomes is their ability to deliver active molecules directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the liver's first-pass metabolism typically associated with oral intake. This feature ensures a more efficient and direct delivery of the active ingredients to the body's systems.