Mutual Symbiosis Between Host and Gut Microbiota: The Hidden Code of NAD+ Metabolism
Previous studies have demonstrated that oral intake of NMN and NR cannot directly raise human blood NAD+ levels. Their effects largely rely on transformation carried out by gut microbiota. These microbes convert NMN and NR into nicotinic acid, which serves as the major circulating precursor for NAD+. Once absorbed into cells, nicotinic acid generates NAD+ […]
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